BENCHMARKING

Definition
Benchmarking is the process of identifying "best practice" in relation to both products (including) and the
processes by which those products are created and delivered. The search for "best practice" can take place
both inside a particular industry, and in other industries (for example - are there lessons to be learned from
other industries?).

The objective of benchmarking is to understand and evaluate the current position of a business or
organisation in relation to "best practice" and to identify areas and means of performance improvement.

The Benchmarking Process
Benchmarking involves looking outward (outside a particular business, organisation, industry, region or
country) to examine how others achieve their performance levels and to understand the processes they use.
In this way, benchmarking helps explain the processes behind excellent performance. When the lessons
learnt from a benchmarking exercise are applied appropriately, they facilitate improved performance in
critical functions within an organisation or in key areas of the business environment.

Application of benchmarking involves four key steps:
(1) Understand in detail existing business processes
(2) Analyse the business processes of others
(3) Compare own business performance with that of others analysed
(4) Implement the steps necessary to close the performance gap









Benchmarking should not be considered a one-off exercise. To be effective, it must become an ongoing,
integral part of an ongoing improvement process with the goal of keeping abreast of ever-improving best
practice.

Types of Benchmarking
There are a number of different types of benchmarking, as summarised below:

Type	Description	Most Appropriate for the Following Purposes
Strategic Benchmarking	Where businesses need to improve overall performance by examining the long-term strategies and general approaches that have enabled high-performers to succeed. It involves considering high-level aspects such as core competencies, developing new products and services and improving capabilities for dealing with changes in the external environment. Changes resulting from this type of benchmarking may be difficult to implement and take a long time to materialize	Re-aligning business strategies that have become inappropriate
Performance or Competitive Benchmarking	Businesses consider their position in relation to performance characteristics of key products and services. Benchmarking partners are drawn from the same sector. This type of analysis is often undertaken through trade associations or third parties to protect confidentiality.	Assessing relative level of performance in key areas or activities in comparison with others in the same sector and finding ways of closing gaps in performance
Process Benchmarking	Focuses on improving specific critical processes and operations. Benchmarking partners are sought from best practice organizations that perform similar work or deliver similar services. Process benchmarking invariably involves producing process maps to facilitate comparison and analysis. This type of benchmarking often results in shortterm benefits.	- Achieving improvements in key processes to obtain quick benefits
Functional Benchmarking	Businesses look to benchmark with partners drawn from different business sectors or areas of activity to find ways of improving similar functions or work processes. This sort of benchmarking can lead to innovation and dramatic improvements.	- Improving activities or services for which counterparts do not exist
Internal Benchmarking	Involves benchmarking businesses or operations from within the same organization (e.g. business units in different countries). The main advantages of internal benchmarking are that access to sensitive data and information is easier; standardized data is often readily available; and, usually less time and resources are needed. There may be fewer barriers to implementation as practices may be relatively easy to transfer across the same organization. However, real innovation may be lacking and best in class performance is more likely to be found through external benchmarking.	- Several business units within the same organization exemplify good practice and management want to spread this expertise quickly, throughout the organization
External Benchmarking	Involves analyzing outside organizations that are known to be best in class. External benchmarking provides opportunities of learning from those who are at the "leading edge". This type of benchmarking can take up significant time and resource to ensure the comparability of data and information, the credibility of the findings and the development of sound recommendations.	- Where examples of good practices can be found in other organizations and there is a lack of good practices within internal business units
International Benchmarking	Best practitioners are identified and analyzed elsewhere in the world, perhaps because there are too few benchmarking partners within the same country to produce valid results. Globalization and advances in information technology are increasing opportunities for international projects. However, these can take more time and resources to set up and implement and the results may need careful analysis due to national differences	- Where the aim is to achieve world class status or simply because there are insufficient “national" businesses against which to benchmark