Buying and merchandising determine what products retailers stock and how they're presented.

Merchandise Planning forecasts what to sell based on sales history and trends.

Buying Process selects vendors, negotiates terms, and manages orders.

Visual Merchandising creates store layouts and displays that drive sales.

Performance Analysis tracks sell-through, margins, and inventory turns.

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Porter's Five Forces

Analyze competitive dynamics.

Value Chain

Identify value-creating activities.

Positioning

Define market position.