Qualitative variables represent characteristics that can be observed but not measured numerically. Analyzing these variables requires specific techniques different from quantitative analysis.
Frequency Distribution is the starting point. Count how many observations fall into each category to reveal distribution patterns.
Cross-tabulation examines relationships between two or more categorical variables, showing how categories of one variable are distributed across another.
Chi-Square Test determines whether observed frequencies differ significantly from expected frequencies, helping establish if relationships are statistically significant.
Visualization for qualitative data includes bar charts, pie charts, and mosaic plots that communicate categorical patterns effectively.